Igama elithi 'mvukuzane' lihlanganisa izifo ezitshiyeneyo ezilobudlelwano  ezingathinta ingxenye ezitshiyeneyo zomzimba. Kuzo zonke izimo, imvukuzane yilapho amaseli  emzimbeni eqala ukuhlukana ngokungalawuleki. Kulesi senzakalo, kwakhiwa amaseli amanengi alimeleyo futhi alemvukuzane. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi la maseli emvukuzane  ayanda futhi angakha ngamaqubu aqinileyo, ezibizwa ngokuthi ngamaTumor. Angasakazeka futhi atheleleke lakwezinye ingxenye zomzimba. Amaseli emvukuzane  angalimaza ingxenye zomzimba azithintayo, avimbele umzimba wakho ukuthi ukwazi usebenze ngendlela ejwayelekileyo.

Ezinye imvukuzane zivame kakhulu kubantu abale-HIV. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amasotsha omzimba alempilo ngokuvamile asebenza ukuze amise ukukhula kwamaseli okungajwayelekanga. Nxa amasotsha akho omzimba ebuthakathaka, njengokuthi ngenxa ye-HIV engalatshwanga, umzimba wakho awukwazi ukuzivikela. Kubantu abale-HIV, ukunatha imithi yezidambisagcikwane kanye lokugcina indlela yokuphila elempilo kusiza ukuvimbela imvukuzane.

Kukhona izindlela ezitshiyeneyo zokwelapha imvukuzane ezihlukeneyo. Ukwelatshwa kusebenza kangcono nxa imvukuzane itholakala kusaselesikhathi. Kufanele ukhulume lesisebenzi sezempilakahle nganoma yiluphi udubo lwempilakahle noma inguquko emzimbeni wakho, futhi uye kunoma yikuphi ukuhlolwa okunikezwayo. Nxa uba lemvukuzane, ukwelatshwa okunikezwayo kuya ngokuthi imvukuzane ingaphi, isigaba okuso lokuthi isisabalele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba yini.

Indlela zokwelapha imvukuzane ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

a) ukuhlinzwa - lapho amaseli emvukuzane ekhitshwa ngokuhlinzwa
b) ukwelatshwa ngamakhemikhali - lapho amakhemikhali eqonda amaseli emvukuzane ukuze awavimbe angahlukani
c) i-radiotherapy - lapho kusetshenziswa ama-X-ray alamandla ukubhidliza  amaseli emvukuzane.

Isifo setshukela yisimo sempilo yonke esithinta indlela umzimba wakho omunya ngayo itshukela ekudleni okudlayo. Nxa ulesifo setshukela, kufanele wenze izinto ukuze ugcine inani letshukela egazini lakho liqinile, ngaphandle kwalokho, lingaba phezulu ngendlela eyingozi.
 

Itshukela (noma iglucose) ijwayele ukuphathwa yihomoni umzimba wakho oyilungisayo ethiwa yi-insulin. Mibili imihlobo yesifo setshukela. Kusifo sekutshukela sokuqala-1, amasotsha omzimba wakho ahlasela amaseli alungisa i-insulin, ngakho awukwazi ukuthola i-insulin eyanele yokulawula amazinga akho etshukela. Kusifo setshukela sesibili -2, umzimba wakho uyekela ukuphumisa noma ukusabela ku-insulin ngendlela efaneleyo. Lokhu kutsho ukuthi amazinga akho etshukela aba phezulu kakhulu. Imhlobo leyi yetshukela yonke iyingozi ngoba ukuba letshukela enengi egazini kungalimaza isimiso sezinzwa, inhliziyo, amehlo, inso kanye lezinye izitho zomzimba.

Ukuyehlisa ingozi yokuthola isifo setshukela:

• gcina indlela yokuphila elempilakahle
• yenza ama ekisesaizi
• dlana ukudla okulempilakahle
• Landela ukwelatshwa kwakho ngezidambisigciwane nxa ule-HIV.

Iziphawu ezivame kakhulu zesifo setshukela yilezi:

a) ukuzwa ukoma kakhulu
b) ukuchama kakhulu kulokujwayelekileyo
c) ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu
d) Ukungaboni kahle.

Nxa uba lalezi zimpawu kufanele ukhulume lesisebenzi sezempilakahle.

Isifo senhliziyo sichaza izifo ezinengi ezithinta inhliziyo. Enye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu ezithinta inhliziyo yikuba lemithambo yegazi emincane noma evalekile. Lawa matshubhu ahambiza igazi lakho emzimbeni wakho. Ukuba lemithambo yegazi emincane kubeka umfutho enhliziyweni yakho. Imithambo yegazi emincane noma evalekile ingabangela:

a) iheart attack - lapho inhliziyo yakho ingakwazi ukumpompa igazi futhi ime
b) istroke - lapho igazi elingena ebucopheni bakho liqamuka

c) ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo - lapho inhliziyo yakho ingakwazi ukumpompa igazi elanele ukuhlangabezana lezidingo zomzimba.

Kungenzeka futhi ukuba lenkinga ngamamasili enhliziyo noma amasignali alawula isigqi sokutshaya kwenhliziyo yakho. Abantu abalokutshaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile bengazizwa betshaywa luvalo noma baphatheke kabi esifubeni, babe lodubo ekuphefumuleni, bazizwe belesiyezi noma baquleke. Khuluma lesisebenzi sezempilakahle nxa uba lanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu.

Imihlobo eminengi yesifo senhliziyo ingavinjelwa noma ukulawulwa ngendlela elempilakahle. Ukuekhisesayiza, ukuyekela ukubhema kanye lokuyehlisa ukudla okulamafutha ngezinye zezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokugcina inhliziyo yakho lemithambo yegazi iphilile.