Njengoba abantu abanengi beqala ukwelatshwa ngezidambisigcikwane (ART), ukungazweli komuthi we-HIV kuya kuvama. Izinga lokungazweli imithi  liyahlukahlukana kusiya ngezinto ezimbalwa ezihlanganisa isigaba somuthi. Ukungazweli lama-NNRTIs (afana le-efavrienz le-nevirapine) kuvame kakhulu nxa kulinganiswa lemithi emitsha efana le-dolutegravir.

I-World Health Organization ikhuthaza ukuthi amazwe kufanele atshintshe masinyane ukwelatshwa kwawo kwe-HIV kokuqala ibe le-dolutegravir nxa i-10% yabantu babo belokungazweli kumithi yokwelatshwa kuma-NNRTIs.

Ukungazweli kwemithi yokwelatshwa lakho kuvame kakhulu ebantwaneni abangabe bevezwe  emazingeni aphansi emithi ye-antiretroviral ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa lokumunyisa .

Yebo - lakuba ukungazweli kumithi kuvame ukuvela kubantu abaseqalile  ukwelatshwa futhi abalodubo lokubambelela ngokuqinile emithini, kungenzeka ukuthi utheleleke nge-HIV evele ingazweli. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi ukungazweli emithini futhi kwenzeka lapho umuntu odlulisela i-HIV kuwe engazweli kumithi. Ukuvimbela i-HIV  engazweli imithi ukuthi ingadluliswa, udinga nje ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuvikela  ezijwayelekile ezihlanganisa i-PrEP, amakhondomu kanye lokungabonakali kwegcikwane. Lesi ngesinye sezizatho sokuthi kungani kukhuthazwa ukuthi abantu ababili abalegcikwane lengculaza baqhubeke lokusebenzisa amakhondomu, ukuze bavikele ukudluliselana imihlobo etshiyeneyo  yokungazweli kwemithi komunye lomunye.

iCross resistance kulapho ukungazweli emuthini owodwa kutsho ukuthi awusakwazi ukusebenzisa ezinye izidambisigcikwane ezifanayo. Njengokuthi, nxa ungazweli ku-efavirenz ingakhitshwa eminye imithi efana kakhulu  ngoba ngeke isakwazi ukulawula i-HIV yakho. 

Enye indlela yokuthola ukungazweli kwemithi ye-HIV  yikuthi nxa uke wathatha uhlobo lwe-ART ngaphambili kodwa wabe suyekela,  njengokuthi nxa  unathe  i-ART ngesikhathi ukhulelwe  ku-PMTCT kodwa wayekela ukuqhubeka, noma nxa unathe  i-PrEP noma i-PEP ngesikhathi u-positive.

Ngenxa yokuthi ukungazweli kwemithi ye-HIV kuhlotshaniswa lokubambelela ngokuqinile emithini kuba yinkinga enkulu ezindaweni lapho abantu bekhangelane lezithiyo ezinengi zokuthola ukwelatshwa lokunakekelwa. Izici zobungozi ngokuvamile zihlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu: izici zesiguli, izici zohlelo kanye nezici zohlobo lokwelapha. Sibeka ezinye zezibonelo eziyinhloko ngaphansi.

Izici zesiguli: Ukungazweli kwemithi ye-HIV kuba yinkinga kakhulu ezindaweni lapho abantu bengakwazi ukufinyelela ukwesekwa abakudingayo ukuze babambelele ekwelatshweni. Abantu baba lamancane amathuba okuthi babambelele ekwelatshweni nxa bengazwisisi kahle nge-HIV noma inzuzo zokwelatshwa. Lapho abantu belezinye inkinga zempilo ezifana lokucindezeleka noma ukusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa, kungenza ukubambelela kube nzima kakhulu futhi kwandise ingozi yokungazweli emithini.

Izici zohlelo: Umfanekiso omuhle wesici sohlelo yikuswelakala kwemithi yokwelapha. Ukuphela kwemithi ngokuvamile kungumphumela wokungahleleli kahle, ukuthengwa kwempahla kanye lokuphathwa kwe-supply chain (lezi izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze izibhedlela zithenge futhi zithole ukwelatshwa okufanele kwezidambisigcikwane). Nxa isibhedlela singakwazi ukuthola yonke imithi abayidingayo, abantu bazoyeqisa imithamo yokwelatshwa kwabo, okuwenza abe manengi amathuba okuba bangazweli. Ngokufanayo, lapho inhlelo zingelakho ukuhlolwa kwenani legcikwane egazini, ukungazweli komuthi we-HIV kuyingozi enkulu njengoba kuba nzima kubodokotela ukubakwazi lapho ukwehluleka kokwelatshwa kwenzeke nini futhi isiguli sidinga ukutshintshela ekwelatshweni okutshiyeneyo.

Izici zohlobo lokwelapha: Nxa indlela yokwelapha yomuntu iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu - njengokuthi ukunatha inani eliphezulu lamaphilisi ngezikhathi ezahlukene zosuku - basengozini enkulu yokungazweli kwemithi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kunzima ukulandela lokho okufanele bakuthathe. Eminye imithi ingaba 'nomgoqo ophezulu wokungazweli'. Njengokuthi, ngenxa yokuthi i-dolutegravir isebenza kanjani, i-HIV mancane amathuba okuthi ingazweli kuyo okwenza kube yinketho engcono ikakhulukazi kubantu abalobunzima bokubambelela.