Ukuthola ukwelatshwa opheleleyo kwe-HIV kunzima ngenxa yezizatho ezimbalwa. Noma lokwelatshwa ngezidambisagcikwane, enye i-HIV ihlala ifihliwe emzimbeni kulokho okwaziwa ngokuthi 'amadamu' imithi yezidambisagcikwane (ama-ARV) engeke yafinyelela kuyo. Ososayensi basazama ukuthola ukuthi akuphi la madamu futhi bakhe indlela yokwelapha engakwazi ukuwasusa.

Ukwenza amakhophi ayo amatsha, i-HIV kufanele idlule ezinyathelweni ezingu-5 ezibhalwe phansi.

1. Ukubopha lokuhlanganisa 

I-HIV isebenzisa amaseli e-CD4 omzimba wakho ukwenza amakhophi ngokwawo. Ukwenza lokhu igcikwane kufanele lingene ku-CD4 cell. Esigabeni sokuqala , i-HIV inamathela kumaseli e-CD4.Nxa i-HIV isinamathiselwe, ihlangana lokungaphandle lweseli ye-CD4. Lokhu kuvula iseli phezulu ukuze izingxenye zangaphakathi zegcikwane zikwazi ukungena ngaphakathi.

2.i- Reverse transcription

I-HIV imumethe isethi yemiyalelo elalo lonke ulwazi lokuthi kwenziwa kanjani  i-HIV enengi. Lokhu kubizwa nge-RNA. Amaseli e-CD4 awakwazi ukufunda imiyalelo ye-RNA. Ukuze amaseli e-CD4 akwazi ukufunda lokuzwisisa imiyalelo ye-HIV, kufanele 'itshintswe' ibe yi-DNA, ulimi olusetshenziswa yicell. Nxa isingaphakathi kweseli, i-HIV itshintsha imiyalelo ye-RNA ibe yi-DNA.

3. Ukuhlanganiswa 

Ukuze amaseli e-CD4 enze ngokuvumelana leziqondiso ezintsha, i-HIV DNA kufanele ingene i-nucleus yeseli. I-nucleus yeseli isebenza njengobuchopho beseli, ilawula lokho ekwenzayo lendlela eziphatha ngayo.

Uma i-HIV DNA ingena ngaphakathi ku-nucleus, ivala i-DNA yeseli. Lokhu kutsho ukuthi esikhundleni sokwenza lokho iseli elijwayele ukukwenza, i-CD4 cell manje yenza lokho etshelwa yi-HIV. Kusukela lapha i-HIV iyabe siphatha i-CD4 cell.

4. Ukuphindaphinda 

Nxa i-HIV isilawula, iphoqa iseli ukuthi lenze izingxenye ezahlukenenlalezo ezidingekayo ukuze kwakheke I-HIV entsha. Iseli lenza amakhophi awo wonke amaprotheni lama-enzyme ahlukene ladingekayo ukwakha igcikwane elitsha.

5. Ukuhlanganisa kanye lokuhluma 

Nxa zonke izingxenye ezidingekayo zokwenza iHIV entsha sezilungisiwe,ziqoqana ngaphandle kweseli ye-CD4. Bese phushelwa ngaphandle kwe-CD4 cell bese fuqelwa egazini, lapho bethola khona i-CD4 cell entsha abazoyithelela ukuze baqale lolu hlelo futhi. 

Lokhu yikho okwenzakala nxa ungekho ekwekatshweni. Ukunatha  imithi kumisa lesi senzakalo. Ukwelatshwa kwakho kuqukethe inhlanganisela yemithi (ama-ARV),  inye ngayinye eqondiswe futhi ivimbele isinyathelo esihlukile ohlelweni ukuba senzeke. Lokhu kugcina inani legciwane egazini liphansi futhi kuvikela amasotsha akho omzimba.

Eminye imithi akufanele ithathwe ndawonye. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi nxa ihlanganiswa, isebenza ngendlela ehlukile futhi ingaba nomthelela olimazayo noma oyingozi emzimbeni.

Okunye ukusebenzisana kungenza imiphumela yokwelashwa kwakho ibe lamandla, okungakunikeza imiphumela engemihle - lapha inani elengeziwe lomuthi emzimbeni wakho lingabangela ukulimala. Okunye ukusebenzisana kunganciphisa ukusebenza ngempumelelo kokwelatshwa kwakho, okutsho ukuthi umthamo wakho owuphezulu ngokwanele ukuze uhlale uphilile.

Kwesinye isikhathi imithi ingaba lomthelela kwezinye izimo zempilo olazo, ngakho kufanele wazise abezempilakahle nxa ulazo noma yiziphi ezinye izindaba zempilakahle, njengodubo lwesibindi.

Tshela abezempilakhe nxa uthatha eminye imithi, amahebhu noma ulezinye izimo zempilo ukuze baqonde ukuthi lokhu kungase kube nomthelela kanjani ekwelatshweni kwakho.

Ukwelatshwa ngezidambisigcikwane kuqala ukusebenza kusukela kumthamo wokuqala osukwini lokuqala. Inani legcikwane egazini lehla masinyane evikini yokuqala, abanye abantu behlisa inani legcikwane egazini nge-90% ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa  zokuqala. Ngokubambelela okuhle (ukuthatha ngendlela efanele), inani legcikwane egazini kufanele liqhubeke lisehla kancane kusukela lapha kuqhubeka. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba inani legcikwane egazini liba phansi futhi liyehla, inani legcikwane egazini lizokwehla kancane kancane. Ngokubambelela okufanele, abantu abanengi bayafinyelela kunani legcikwane elingabonakaliyo egazini phakathi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha.

Ukwehla kwenani legcikwane egazini lakho kuya ngesimo sakho  , izici zempilo, njengokuthi, nxa ulawula noma yiziphi ezinye izifo ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ukuze uthole impumela engcono kakhulu into ebaluleke kakhulu yikuthi unathe imithi yakho yezidambisigciwane njengoba uyalelwe yisisebenzi sakho sezempilakahle.